COPD
Algorithm
Stage 1 |
Mild |
Mild
FEV1 / FVC <0.7 FEV1 > 80% predicted |
Stage 2 |
Moderate |
FEV1 / FVC <0.7 50% < FEV1 < 80% pred. |
Stage 3 |
Severe |
FEV1 / FVC <0.7 30% < FEV1 < 50% pred. |
Stage 4 |
Very severe |
FEV1 / FVC <0.7 FEV1 < 30% or FEV1 < 50% plus chronic resp failure |
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow obstruction. The airflow obstruction is usually progressive, not fully reversible and does not change markedly over several months.
- Reduced FEV1 (<80% of predicted) and a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio (<0.7)
- The damage is the result of chronic inflammation that differs from that seen in asthma and which is usually the result of tobacco smoke.
- COPD is now the preferred term for the conditions in patients with airflow obstruction who were previously diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
- Other factors, particularly occupational exposures, may also contribute to the development of COPD.
Prevalence
- COPD causes about 1 million deaths per year
Links
- NICE www guidelines
- Local copy of 2004 NICE COPD Quick Reference and Management of Exacerbations COPD
- Recent advances in COPD management (BMJ Review article March 2005) www version. Local copy
- Non-invasive ventilation section.
- Referral for Pulmonary Rehabilitation
